Summary
Footprinting is part of the enumeration process. In order to get a grasp on the target, we need to try to gather as much information about the target’s properties, so future attacks will succeed.
General
Principles
- Do not blind jump at everything you see, but take your time to understand the target completely.
- Follow these three principles:
No. | Principle |
|---|---|
| 1. | There is more than meets the eye. Consider all points of view. |
| 2. | Distinguish between what we see and what we do not see. |
| 3. | There are always ways to gain more information. Understand the target. |
Methodology
- There is no standardized methodology. The approach one takes will dynamically vary with experience.
- The following encompasses the six most essential obstacles in our path. For each of the six layers, we only need to find one weakness, even tough there most likely will be several if there is at least one.
| Layer | Description | Information Categories |
|---|---|---|
1. Internet Presence | Identification of internet presence and externally accessible infrastructure. | Domains, Subdomains, vHosts, ASN, Netblocks, IP Addresses, Cloud Instances, Security Measures |
2. Gateway | Identify the possible security measures to protect the company’s external and internal infrastructure. | Firewalls, DMZ, IPS/IDS, EDR, Proxies, NAC, Network Segmentation, VPN, Cloudflare |
3. Accessible Services | Identify accessible interfaces and services that are hosted externally or internally. | Service Type, Functionality, Configuration, Port, Version, Interface |
4. Processes | Identify the internal processes, sources, and destinations associated with the services. | PID, Processed Data, Tasks, Source, Destination |
5. Privileges | Identification of the internal permissions and privileges to the accessible services. | Groups, Users, Permissions, Restrictions, Environment |
6. OS Setup | Identification of the internal components and systems setup. | OS Type, Patch Level, Network config, OS Environment, Configuration files, sensitive private files |
Infrastructure Based
Domain Information
Cloud Resources
Staff
Host Based
FTP
SMB
NFS
DNS
SMTP
IMAP / POP3
SNMP
MySQL
MSSQL
Oracle TNS
IPMI
Remote Management Protocols
Linux
Windows
Cheat Sheet
Infrastructure-based Enumeration
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
curl -s https://crt.sh/\?q\=<target-domain>\&output\=json | jq . | Certificate transparency. |
for i in $(cat ip-addresses.txt);do shodan host $i;done | Scan each IP address in a list using Shodan. |
Host-based Enumeration
FTP
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
ftp <FQDN/IP> | Interact with the FTP service on the target. |
nc -nv <FQDN/IP> 21 | Interact with the FTP service on the target. |
telnet <FQDN/IP> 21 | Interact with the FTP service on the target. |
openssl s_client -connect <FQDN/IP>:21 -starttls ftp | Interact with the FTP service on the target using encrypted connection. |
wget -m --no-passive ftp://anonymous:anonymous@<target> | Download all available files on the target FTP server. |
SMB
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
smbclient -N -L //<FQDN/IP> | Null session authentication on SMB. |
smbclient //<FQDN/IP>/<share> | Connect to a specific SMB share. |
rpcclient -U "" <FQDN/IP> | Interaction with the target using RPC. |
samrdump.py <FQDN/IP> | Username enumeration using Impacket scripts. |
smbmap -H <FQDN/IP> | Enumerating SMB shares. |
crackmapexec smb <FQDN/IP> --shares -u '' -p '' | Enumerating SMB shares using null session authentication. |
enum4linux-ng.py <FQDN/IP> -A | SMB enumeration using enum4linux. |
NFS
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
showmount -e <FQDN/IP> | Show available NFS shares. |
mount -t nfs <FQDN/IP>:/<share> ./target-NFS/ -o nolock | Mount the specific NFS share.umount ./target-NFS |
umount ./target-NFS | Unmount the specific NFS share. |
DNS
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
dig ns <domain.tld> @<nameserver> | NS request to the specific nameserver. |
dig any <domain.tld> @<nameserver> | ANY request to the specific nameserver. |
dig axfr <domain.tld> @<nameserver> | AXFR request to the specific nameserver. |
dnsenum --dnsserver <nameserver> --enum -p 0 -s 0 -o found_subdomains.txt -f ~/subdomains.list <domain.tld> | Subdomain brute forcing. |
SMTP
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
telnet <FQDN/IP> 25 |
IMAP/POP3
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
curl -k 'imaps://<FQDN/IP>' --user <user>:<password> | Log in to the IMAPS service using cURL. |
openssl s_client -connect <FQDN/IP>:imaps | Connect to the IMAPS service. |
openssl s_client -connect <FQDN/IP>:pop3s | Connect to the POP3s service. |
SNMP
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
snmpwalk -v2c -c <community string> <FQDN/IP> | Querying OIDs using snmpwalk. |
onesixtyone -c community-strings.list <FQDN/IP> | Bruteforcing community strings of the SNMP service. |
braa <community string>@<FQDN/IP>:.1.* | Bruteforcing SNMP service OIDs. |
MySQL
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
mysql -u <user> -p<password> -h <FQDN/IP> | Login to the MySQL server. |
MSSQL
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
mssqlclient.py <user>@<FQDN/IP> -windows-auth | Log in to the MSSQL server using Windows authentication. |
IPMI
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/ipmi/ipmi_version) | IPMI version detection. |
msf6 auxiliary(scanner/ipmi/ipmi_dumphashes) | Dump IPMI hashes. |
Linux Remote Management
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
ssh-audit.py <FQDN/IP> | Remote security audit against the target SSH service. |
ssh <user>@<FQDN/IP> | Log in to the SSH server using the SSH client. |
ssh -i private.key <user>@<FQDN/IP> | Log in to the SSH server using private key. |
ssh <user>@<FQDN/IP> -o PreferredAuthentications=password | Enforce password-based authentication. |
Windows Remote Management
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
rdp-sec-check.pl <FQDN/IP> | Check the security settings of the RDP service. |
xfreerdp /u:<user> /p:"<password>" /v:<FQDN/IP> | Log in to the RDP server from Linux. |
evil-winrm -i <FQDN/IP> -u <user> -p <password> | Log in to the WinRM server. |
wmiexec.py <user>:"<password>"@<FQDN/IP> "<system command>" | Execute command using the WMI service. |
Oracle TNS
| Command | Description |
|---|---|
./odat.py all -s <FQDN/IP> | Perform a variety of scans to gather information about the Oracle database services and its components. |
sqlplus <user>/<pass>@<FQDN/IP>/<db> | Log in to the Oracle database. |
./odat.py utlfile -s <FQDN/IP> -d <db> -U <user> -P <pass> --sysdba --putFile C:\\insert\\path file.txt ./file.txt | Upload a file with Oracle RDBMS. |